Why should a stylist perform a patch test before applying a relaxer?

Performing a patch test before applying a relaxer is crucial for several reasons, but the primary purpose is to check for allergic reactions or sensitivities to the chemicals in the product. Relaxers contain strong chemicals that can cause adverse skin reactions in some individuals, leading to issues such as redness, itching, or even more severe reactions. By conducting a patch test, the stylist can apply a small amount of the relaxer to a discrete area of skin, usually behind the ear or on the inner elbow, to monitor for any undesirable responses. This precaution helps ensure the safety and comfort of the client during the chemical treatment, reducing the risk of an allergic reaction upon full application.

The other options do not address the specific health and safety concerns associated with chemical treatments. Determining the ideal style, ensuring recent hair washing, or selecting the correct relaxer strength are not related to the immediate risks of allergic reactions that can arise from the chemicals in relaxers.