What potential damage can occur if the neutralizer is not applied correctly?

The correct answer highlights the importance of properly applying the neutralizer in the perming process. The neutralizer's key function is to fix the new curl structure created by the perming solution, transitioning the hair from its soft, malleable state back to a more stable condition. If the neutralizer isn't applied correctly or isn't allowed to penetrate the hair fully, the hair may not maintain its desired curl pattern. Instead, it could relax or lose its curl structure prematurely, defeating the purpose of the perm and leading to unsatisfactory results.

This underscores the necessity of following the appropriate steps and timing to ensure that the chemical reactions in the hair are properly completed. In contrast to this, if curls last longer than intended, while it may seem advantageous, it's not the best outcome as it can lead the hair to become stiff or overly processed. Color fading and excessive frizzing can also occur due to other factors, such as damage from harsh chemicals or improper care rather than a direct result of incorrect neutralization.